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The ''Teaching for King Merykara'', alt. ''Instruction Addressed to King Merikare'', is a literary composition in Middle Egyptian, the classical phase of the Egyptian language, probably of Middle Kingdom date (2025 BC-1700 BC). In this ''sebayt'' the author has a First Intermediate Period king of Egypt possibly named Kheti〔J. von Beckerath proposed a Kheti with the prenomen Nebkaure, in ZAeS, 03(1966), 13-20〕 address his son, the future king Merykara, advising him on how to be a good king, and how to avoid evil. Merykara is the name of a king of Dynasty 9 or 10, the line or lines of kings who ruled northern Egypt during a period of division, the First Intermediate Period (about 2150 BC-2025 BC).〔Lichtheim, ''op.cit.'', p.97〕 Perhaps this allowed the author of this composition greater freedom in describing the limits of royal authority than might have been possible in referring to kings of a unified Egypt; the ''Teaching for King Merykara'' is effectively a treatise on kingship in the form of a royal testament, the first of this genre. Similar works were created later in the Hellenistic and Islamic world, and, in the ''speculum regum'', had a parallel in medieval Europe.〔Lichtheim, ''op.cit.'', p.97〕 Like similar later "royal testaments" one of its functions may have been the legitimization of the ruling king.〔Hoop, ''op.cit.'', p.310〕〔Layton, ''op.cit.'', p.137〕 ==Synopsis== The first, mostly destroyed, section deals with the putting down of rebellion, the second with how to treat the king's subjects. The third section gives advice on how to run the army and religious services. The fourth describes the king's achievements and how to emulate them. Next, in contrast to the continual recycling of architectural blocks, the king is instructed to quarry new stone, not reuse old monuments; the reality of reuse is acknowledged, but the ideal of new work is commended. Similarly, the destruction of a sacred territory at Abydos is recorded; the king expresses remorse, as if accepting responsibility for the unthinkable that must have recurred throughout history - sacrilege in the name of the ruling king, subject to divine retribution during a judgment of the dead.〔Morenz, ''op.cit.'', p.128〕 The importance of upholding Maat, the right world order, is stressed. The last two sections contain a hymn to the creator god (who remains unnamed) 〔As was generally the case in the ''sebayt'', cf. Hornung, ''op.cit.'', p.55〕 and an exhortation to heed these instructions. The contrast between real and ideal make the composition a reflection on power unparalleled in Ancient Egyptian writing. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Teaching for King Merykara」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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